Assembled thermocouples are complete, ready-to-install temperature sensors used primarily in industrial applications to measure the temperature of liquids, steam, gases, and solid surfaces across a range of 0 °C to 1800 °C. Constructed from a sensing element, junction box, protective sheath, and insulating tube, they offer easy assembly, convenient replacement, high mechanical strength, excellent vibration resistance, wide measuring range, and good pressure tolerance. Operating on the thermoelectric (Seebeck) effect, they generate a thermal electromotive force when a temperature difference exists between the measuring and reference junctions, which is then read by an indicator. Available in standard types (K, S, R, B, E, J, T, N) and various sheath materials, they are extensively deployed in power generation, metallurgy, chemical processing, medicine, and machinery manufacturing.